FULL ADDER
Hola Amigos
Adders as we all have used might pose a problem when simulated for very long space complex projects as the results of full adder are not instant. It does take time and the propagation delay increases with time so how do we deal with delay caused by each gate. Here have a look on this basic adder
What we come to know about it is that for C4 we have to wait for C3, similarly for C3 we have to wait for C2. This causes delay and then there comes Carry Look Ahead Adder in limelight.
One can increase the space complexity of the code to decrease the time for propagation or introduce just faster delays to decrease the propagation delay of the overall adder.
//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); A basic full adder is a parallel adder which is based on complex circuit to directly induce the carry from the inputs provided.
Now S = Sum and C(-1) = carry from previous addition.
So S = EXOR(A,B,C) and
C(0) = A.B + EXOR(A,B).C(-1)
Now let A.B = Gi and EXOR(A,B) = Pi
So C0 = G0 + P0 . C-1
C1 = G1 + Pi . C0
C2 = G2 + Pi . C1
C3 = G3 + Pi . C2
C4 = G4 + Pi . C2
SUM = A’B’Cin + A’BC’in + AB’C’In + ABCin
Cout = BCin + ACin + AB
Code for a 8 bit Full Adder
module FA(a,b,c,s,co);
input [7:0]a,b;
output [8:0]s;
output co;
input c;
Carry c1(a[0],b[0],c,s[0],cx0);
Carry c2(a[1],b[1],cx0,s[1],cx1);
Carry c3(a[2],b[2],cx1,s[2],cx2);
Carry c4(a[3],b[3],cx2,s[3],cx3);
Carry c5(a[4],b[4],cx3,s[4],cx4);
Carry c6(a[5],b[5],cx4,s[5],cx5);
Carry c7(a[6],b[6],cx5,s[6],cx6);
Carry c8(a[7],b[7],cx6,s[7],s[8]);
assign co = s[8];
endmodule
input [7:0]a,b;
output [8:0]s;
output co;
input c;
Carry c1(a[0],b[0],c,s[0],cx0);
Carry c2(a[1],b[1],cx0,s[1],cx1);
Carry c3(a[2],b[2],cx1,s[2],cx2);
Carry c4(a[3],b[3],cx2,s[3],cx3);
Carry c5(a[4],b[4],cx3,s[4],cx4);
Carry c6(a[5],b[5],cx4,s[5],cx5);
Carry c7(a[6],b[6],cx5,s[6],cx6);
Carry c8(a[7],b[7],cx6,s[7],s[8]);
assign co = s[8];
endmodule
module Carry(a,b,c,s,co);
input a,b;
input c;
output s,co;
wire out4;
wire out6;
and (out1,a,b);
xor (out2,a,b);
and (out3,out2,c);
or (out4,out3,out1);
assign co = out4;
xor (out5,a,b);
xor (out6,out5,c);
assign s = out6;
endmodule
//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Here is the Test Bench
module TestCarry;
// Inputs
reg [7:0] a;
reg [7:0] b;
reg c;
wire [8:0] s;
wire co;
CLA uut (
.a(a),
.b(b),
.c(c),
.s(s),
.co(co)
);
initial begin
// Initialize Inputs
a = 8’b01101010;
b = 8’b10111101;
c = 0;
end
endmodule
Here is the output in action
Here s[8:0] is the sum c is input carry co is the final carry a[7:0] and b[7:0] are the numbers
So Long
Shashi's Blog!! 
I get the following error when running :testbench.sv:11: error: Unknown module type: CLA2 error(s) during elaboration.*** These modules were missing: CLA referenced 1 times.***Exit code expected: 0, received: 1
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Replace CLA with FA in testbench and try.Let me know the result
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